Ensuring Autoclave Safety with Correct PPE
Autoclaves are essential devices in laboratories and medical settings, however, there are potential hazards to consider. It is crucial for anyone using an autoclave to understand these risks, and ensure they operate the autoclave correctly whilst wearing the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to maintain both their own safety, and the safety of others in the vicinity.
Common Hazards When Using an Autoclave
Due to the nature of the machine and the items placed within for sterilisation, autoclave operators must be mindful of certain aspects such as heat, pressure and biological hazards. These can present in a number of ways.
Burns and Scalds
- Steam Burns: Autoclaves produce steam at high pressure, which can cause severe burns if it escapes from the autoclave and reaches the bare skin of the operator. This can happen if the door is opened too quickly after the cycle completes.
- Hot Surfaces: The surfaces of the autoclave, especially the interior, become extremely hot during operation and can cause contact burns. Operators must be aware of this and prevent anyone from touching the device during use.
Explosions/Implosions
- Pressure Build-Up: Autoclaves operate under high pressure. Improper sealing or malfunctioning pressure release valves can lead to dangerous pressure build-ups. Whilst proper maintenance helps to ensure this will not happen, it is always best to be aware and wear the correct PPE.
- Implosion: Sudden cooling can create a vacuum, potentially causing the autoclave to implode. Again, this is unlikely but proper PPE will protect the operator should an implosion occur.
Exposure to Hazardous Materials
- Biological Hazards: Sterilising contaminated instruments can release biohazardous substances if not handled properly. Operators should be aware of this during the loading process and take steps to protect themselves accordingly.
- Chemical Hazards: Certain chemicals which may be used during medical procedures can transfer to instruments and equipment – again, operators should be aware of this during the handling process and take steps to protect themselves.
Mechanical Failures
Whilst mechanical failures are preventable to a large extent with regular maintenance and proper use, there is always a risk of something going wrong. If this happens, there can be hazards presented to those in the vicinity, such as scalds or burns through leaks or pressure issues.
Mechanical failures that can present these dangers include malfunctioning door latches, failed valves or gaskets, and problems with seals.
Ensuring Safety with Proper PPE
Autoclave users must wear appropriate PPE and follow safety protocols correctly and at all times. Essential PPE items include:
Heat-Resistant Gloves – these protect the hands, wrists and lower arms from burns. They should be insulated and rated for high temperatures, made from materials that can withstand extreme heat such as Kevlar or Nomex.
Eye Goggles – these protect the eyes from any escaping bursts of steam, as well as other hazards and irritants. These should have an anti-fog coating and offer wide vision, as well as the ability to be worn over spectacles.
Face Shields – these offer full protection for the face against steam and hot liquid splashes. They can be used instead of eye goggles and should be made from materials that can withstand heat and chemical splashes.
Lab Coat or Apron – these shield the body and clothing from splashes of hot water or steam. They should cover from the neck to the knees, and be made from flame-retardant materials.
Heat-Resistant Apron – this works to protect the torso area from steam and hot water splashes. Heat resistant aprons should be made from materials designed to withstand high temperatures.
Closed-Toe Sturdy Shoes – operators should wear shoes or boots that have been designed to protect the feet from hot liquid spills or chemical splashes. They should be made from non-porous materials and be durable, designed to withstand daily use.
Best Practices for Autoclave Safety
In addition to wearing the correct PPE, following best practice usage guidelines is essential for safe autoclave operation. This includes:
Loading requirements – the autoclave should not be overloaded, there must be space for steam to circulate throughout the device.
Timing – users should be aware of the time required after a cycle for steam to disperse and for the unit to cool down.
Daily checks – operators should always do their daily checks including seals and gaskets, plus Helix tests to check the autoclave is operating as it should.
While autoclaves are invaluable tools for sterilisation, they can pose significant risks if not used correctly. Ensuring all operators combine their knowledge with vigilant maintenance and adherence to safety protocols like wearing the right PPE is key to autoclave safety.
